The inner lining of the anal canal is the mucosa. Most anal cancers start from cells in the mucosa. Glands and ducts tubes leading from the glands are found under the mucosa. The glands make mucus, which acts as a lubricating fluid.
Techniques in Coloproctology. Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps are frequently found in association with chronic fissure in ano. Usually, no specific attention is given to them and they are considered normal findings. The present prospective study was aimed at determining whether removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps while dealing with chronic fissure in ano confers long-term benefit to patients. Between July and December , patients undergoing anal sphincterotomy were randomized into two groups to have their fibrous polyps and hypertrophied anal papillae either removed by radiofrequency surgery or left intact. After two years, they underwent a detailed interview by an independent, masked investigator. The mean satisfaction grading was 9.